Toku science topic
How results become useful when they help a child notice what happened and choose what to change next.
Explore feedback, self-monitoring, formative assessment, adaptive difficulty and personal progress as tools for better learning decisions.
John Hattie & Helen Timperley · Review of Educational Research
Feedback is most useful when it helps close the gap between current performance and a learning goal.
Feedback can influence learning substantially, with the impact depending on what the feedback communicates and how the learner can act on it.
Benedikt Wisniewski, Klaus Zierer & John Hattie · Frontiers in Psychology
The useful question is not only whether feedback exists, but whether it gives information the learner can use.
A large meta-analysis found an overall positive effect of educational feedback, with effects varying substantially by feedback type and context.
Paul Black & Dylan Wiliam · Assessment in Education
Assessment becomes formative when it helps decide the next learning action.
Formative assessment can improve learning when evidence of current understanding is used to change what happens next.
Education Endowment Foundation · Teaching and Learning Toolkit
Progress information is most useful when it helps a learner decide what to do differently next.
Planning, monitoring and evaluating learning can be valuable when explicitly taught and embedded in subject learning.