Glossary
Learning and thinking science without the jargon.
Simple definitions for the ideas behind Toku, from retrieval and transfer to divergent thinking, executive function and metacognition.
Recognising a relationship or structure in one situation and using it to reason about another.
Fast, reliable execution or retrieval that requires relatively little conscious effort.
The ability to switch rules, perspectives or strategies when circumstances change.
The demand a task places on limited working-memory resources.
Evaluating claims, evidence, assumptions and alternatives before reaching a judgement.
Generating multiple possible ideas, interpretations or approaches before narrowing them down.
Control processes that support holding goals in mind, resisting distraction, switching strategy and regulating action.
Information that helps a learner compare a response or performance with a target and adjust.
Accurate and efficient performance, often combining speed, reliability and appropriate strategy use.
The system that stores knowledge over longer periods and from which knowledge can later be retrieved.
Planning, monitoring and evaluating one’s own learning and thinking.
Working through a challenging problem in a way that prompts useful reasoning, testing and revision.
Actively bringing previously learned information back to mind.
Using knowledge or a strategy successfully in a situation that differs from the one in which it was learned.
A limited-capacity system used to hold and manipulate information during a task.