Toku 背後的學習與思考科學

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Toku parent question

Why does one correct answer not prove understanding?

Because a correct response can come from recognition, guessing, a recent cue or a procedure that the child cannot reproduce later or in a different context.

Toku can use repeated performance and varied questions to build a better picture of security than a single item can provide.

Performance is a sample

Assessment evidence is always incomplete, so formative decisions become stronger when they draw on patterns rather than one item.[1]

Immediate success may not last

Spacing research shows that information can look secure during concentrated practice but be harder to retrieve after a delay.[2]

Different forms test flexibility

Mixed and interleaved practice can show whether the child recognises the underlying problem rather than only repeating a cued procedure.[3]

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參考文獻

  1. Paul Black & Dylan Wiliam (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education.
  2. Nicholas J. Cepeda et al. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: a review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin.
  3. Doug Rohrer, Robert F. Dedrick & Sandra Stershic (2015). Interleaved practice improves mathematics learning. Journal of Educational Psychology.