Tokuを支える学習と思考の科学

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What thinking skills help in hackathons and building challenges?

Open building challenges rely on defining the problem, generating alternatives, using prior knowledge in a new context, testing ideas and adapting after feedback.

Hackathons are a useful real-world example of why Toku values more than recall. The problem is often incomplete, the route is not fixed and the first solution is rarely the final one.

Generate options

Divergent thinking gives the learner more candidate ideas to test rather than one fixed route.[1]

Reuse ideas in a new setting

Relational reasoning helps learners recognise when a familiar structure can be adapted to a new problem.[2]

Iterate instead of expecting perfection first time

Productive-failure research shows why generating and inspecting attempts can prepare learners for deeper understanding.[3]

Keep the project under control

Executive functions support holding goals, constraints and changing information in mind while a plan evolves.[4]

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参考文献

  1. Elena Hoicka et al. (2018). Two-year-olds can socially learn to think divergently. British Journal of Developmental Psychology.
  2. Ji Y. Son, Linda B. Smith & Robert L. Goldstone (2011). Connecting instances to promote children's relational reasoning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.
  3. Manu Kapur (2010). Productive failure in mathematical problem solving. Instructional Science.
  4. Paul L. Morgan et al. (2019). Kindergarten children's executive functions predict their second-grade academic achievement and behavior. Child Development.