Toku can use short, reachable challenges where the first attempt is part of the learning rather than something that has to be perfect.
Trying before explanation can prepare the learner
Productive-failure research has found stronger conceptual learning and transfer in some settings when learners first generate approaches and then receive instruction.[1]
Difficulty can be useful when it serves learning
Desirable-difficulty research distinguishes effort that improves later learning from difficulty that simply overwhelms the learner.[2]
What Toku can do with a first attempt
A result can become a prompt to inspect the route, compare alternatives and try again with better information.[1]
関連するTokuの科学ページ
参考文献
- Manu Kapur (2010). Productive failure in mathematical problem solving. Instructional Science.
- Elizabeth L. Bjork & Robert A. Bjork (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. Psychology and the Real World.