What helps a child stay organised inside a difficult problem?
Complex problems rely on more than knowledge. Children also need to keep track of intermediate information, inhibit tempting errors and change strategy when the situation demands it.[1]
Toku 如何运用这一原理
Planning, control, working-memory and multi-step sprints can make these demands explicit: remember the goal, follow constraints, resist distractors and revise the plan.
研究发现
Preschool working-memory and executive-function measures have predicted later mathematics achievement in longitudinal research.[1]
In a large longitudinal sample, working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control predicted later reading, mathematics and science achievement.[2]
Fluid reasoning has also predicted future mathematics performance beyond several other cognitive measures.[3]
为什么这对您的孩子有帮助
Your child practises maintaining control when the task contains several moving parts instead of solving only one isolated step at a time.
Hard problems often fail because the child loses the thread, not because they know nothing. Planning and control help them keep useful knowledge organised long enough to use it.
这也能回答
- executive function problem solving children
- working memory cognitive flexibility school
- planning skills children learning
- fluid reasoning academic achievement
参考文献
- Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy & Sandra A. Wiebe (2008). Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7 years. Developmental Neuropsychology.
- Paul L. Morgan et al. (2019). Kindergarten children's executive functions predict their second-grade academic achievement and behavior. Child Development.
- Caroline T. Green et al. (2017). Fluid reasoning predicts future mathematical performance among children and adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.