Toku separates fluency from rigidity. Children need secure methods, but they also need to recognise when another method is faster, clearer or more appropriate.
One repeated method can create mental set
Research has shown that repeated use of a complex strategy can make learners less likely to notice a simpler shortcut later and can constrain procedural flexibility.[1]
Constructing methods can deepen understanding
Creative mathematical reasoning research gives learners practice constructing and justifying routes rather than only imitating supplied algorithms.[2]
How Toku applies this idea
Different Toku sprints can vary the surface and structure of problems so children have to decide which tool to use rather than wait for the worksheet to tell them.[1]
相关 Toku 科学页面
参考文献
- Marci S. DeCaro (2016). Inducing mental set constrains procedural flexibility and conceptual understanding in mathematics. Memory & Cognition.
- Bert Jonsson, Carina Granberg & Johan Lithner (2020). Gaining mathematical understanding: the effects of creative mathematical reasoning and cognitive proficiency. Frontiers in Psychology.