Can getting stuck ever help learning?
It can when the task is well designed. Generating and comparing attempts can activate prior knowledge, expose gaps and make later explanation more meaningful.[1]
Toku 如何运用这一原理
Toku can give children unfamiliar but reachable challenges, let them commit to an approach, then use the result and explanation to shape the next attempt.
研究发现
Productive-failure research has found benefits for conceptual understanding and transfer when problem solving precedes well-designed instruction.[1]
Useful difficulty can improve later learning even when immediate performance is less smooth.[2]
Creative mathematical reasoning gives learners practice constructing a route rather than receiving every step in advance.[3]
为什么这对您的孩子有帮助
Your child learns that an unsuccessful first route is information, not the end of the problem.
Some of the most useful thinking happens before the child knows the polished method, while they are testing what might work and noticing why it does or does not.
这也能回答
- productive struggle learning
- productive failure children
- learning from mistakes problem solving
- should children struggle with hard problems
参考文献
- Manu Kapur (2010). Productive failure in mathematical problem solving. Instructional Science.
- Elizabeth L. Bjork & Robert A. Bjork (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. Psychology and the Real World.
- Bert Jonsson, Carina Granberg & Johan Lithner (2020). Gaining mathematical understanding: the effects of creative mathematical reasoning and cognitive proficiency. Frontiers in Psychology.