A difficult problem can fail even when a child knows the content if they lose track of the goal, rush into a tempting answer or cannot adapt their plan.
Executive control predicts later academic performance
Longitudinal studies have linked working memory and executive functions with later mathematics achievement and, in large samples, with reading and science achievement too.[1][2]
Reasoning through novelty matters as well
Fluid reasoning has predicted future mathematical performance beyond several other cognitive measures.[3]
How Toku uses this
Planning, control, memory and multi-step tasks can ask children to keep constraints active, avoid distractors and change strategy without losing the goal.[2]
관련 Toku 과학 페이지
참고문헌
- Rebecca Bull, Kimberly A. Espy & Sandra A. Wiebe (2008). Short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschoolers: longitudinal predictors of mathematical achievement at age 7 years. Developmental Neuropsychology.
- Paul L. Morgan et al. (2019). Kindergarten children's executive functions predict their second-grade academic achievement and behavior. Child Development.
- Caroline T. Green et al. (2017). Fluid reasoning predicts future mathematical performance among children and adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.